Alpha nuclide:²⁴¹Am, ²³⁹Pu, ²¹⁰Po, ²²⁶Ra, etc., have single energy and short range, and are suitable for alpha spectrometers and low-background alpha counter scales.
beta nuclide: ⁹⁰Sr/⁹⁰Y, ¹³⁷Cs, ⁴⁰K, ³H, ¹⁴C, etc., used for calibration of β counters, air flow counters, and low background α/β measuring instruments.